This handout can be used in discussions on the evolution of bipedalism or in any unit on the skeletal system. Students label the bones of the skeleton and make comparisons between the forelimbs, hind limbs, and pelvis. I created this handout to compliment an evolutionary lesson and video from HHMI on the “ Origin of Humans” which includes a video that explains how bipedalism evolved.Īnatomy students could also benefit from examining how structure relates to function, noting how the forelimbs of humans are shorter and the pelvis is more bowl-shaped to allow for an upright walking position.ĭirections are intentionally left vague to adjust for varying levels of difficulty. The hand of the chimpanzee possesses four long fingers and a shorter opposable thumb. Tree shrew (a) shows heginnings of unique primate posses. Articulated rigid hand from Chimpanzee Skeleton SC-003. Conversely, chimp hands are much longer and narrower. In 1960 tools were found together with the hand bones of a prehuman primate that lived more. Students can label all of the bones or only a few bones, though I suggest using this handout as a way to discuss human evolution and how we are similar to non-human primates. Since the thumb is not as long, it just meets up with the palm, while the chimp's other four fingers extend upward. HS-LS1-2 Develop and use a model to illustrate the hierarchical organization of interacting systems that provide specific functions within multicellular organisms but the human bone is still developing and missing the epiphyses. We additionally confirmed these characteristics of our selected thumb posture (i.e. The ends of the bones are therefore rough and distinctive from the fully developed bird humerus. More on avian osteology can be found in Avian Osteology (Gilbert et al. The two species' musculature is extremely similar, but somehow, pound-for-pound, chimps are between two and three times stronger than humans. All to some degree possess prehensile (grasping) hands and all (except humans) prehensile feet. Harvati’s group believes that a more complete look at the hand’s various bones and joints, along with their muscle reconstruction, also suggest a low range of motion and more limited thumb. The most common human bones to be mistaken for non-human animal bones are those of infants (see Fig. Almost all primates have five digits on the hand and foot. 'Even if we worked out for 12 hours a day like they do.
First, it shows a gracile chimpanzee, the Bonobo or Pan paniscus, rather than its more robust cousin, the Common Chimpanzee or Pan troglodytes. HS-LS4-3 – Apply concepts of statistics and probability to support explanations that organisms with an advantageous heritable trait tend to increase in proportion to organisms lacking this trait. Second, it shows a human female, which arguably exaggerates the difference in upper-body and lower-body mass between species. Adult human males have dramatically more upper-body mass than females.
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